What does 'articulation' affect in a musical performance?

Articulation in a musical performance refers specifically to the manner in which notes are expressed. This includes how notes are attacked, sustained, and released, as well as the use of techniques such as staccato (short and detached) or legato (smooth and connected). Articulation helps convey musical phrases clearly and can significantly influence the character of the music. By shaping the expressiveness of individual notes, it enhances the overall interpretation and performance, allowing musicians to communicate emotions and nuances more effectively. This distinction makes articulation a key aspect of musical expression that directly influences the listener’s experience.

Other options are related musical concepts but do not specifically address articulation. For example, timing of notes pertains more to rhythm, emotional impact is a broader term encompassing many musical elements, and complexity of the score relates to the structure of the music itself rather than how the notes are articulated.